Eczema: Common Triggers and How to Manage Flares

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It affects over 31 million Americans and often begins in childhood, though it can develop at any age.

Common Triggers

Identifying and avoiding your personal triggers is the cornerstone of eczema management.

Environmental:

• Dry air (especially in winter)
• Dust mites, pet dander, pollen, mold
• Smoke and air pollution
• Extreme temperatures

Skin Contact:

• Harsh soaps, detergents, and shampoos
• Fragrances and preservatives in skincare products
• Wool or synthetic fabrics
• Sweat

Food (especially in children):

• Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish

Emotional:

• Stress and anxiety can trigger or worsen flares

Building an Effective Skincare Routine

Moisturize, moisturize, moisturize:

Apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer (cream or ointment, not lotion) within 3 minutes of bathing to lock in moisture. Products with ceramides help restore the skin barrier.

Bathing tips:

• Use lukewarm (not hot) water
• Bathe for 10–15 minutes maximum
• Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers
• Pat dry (don't rub)

Clothing:

• Choose soft, breathable fabrics (cotton)
• Wash new clothes before wearing
• Use fragrance-free, dye-free laundry detergent

Treatment Options

Over-the-counter:

• Hydrocortisone 1% cream for mild flares
• Colloidal oatmeal products for itch relief

Prescription:

• Topical corticosteroids (various strengths)
• Topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus)
• Dupilumab (Dupixent) — a biologic for moderate-to-severe eczema

See a dermatologist if OTC treatments aren't controlling your symptoms.