Heart Attack Warning Signs: What to Know Before an Emergency

A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. Every minute without treatment increases damage. Knowing the warning signs can save a life.

Classic Warning Signs

• Chest discomfort: Pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center or left side of the chest, lasting more than a few minutes or coming and going
• Discomfort in other upper body areas: Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach
• Shortness of breath: With or without chest discomfort
• Cold sweat, nausea, or lightheadedness

Symptoms in Women

Women are more likely to experience atypical symptoms that are often dismissed:

• Unusual fatigue (sometimes days before the attack)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Back or jaw pain
• Shortness of breath without chest pain
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

What to Do

Call 911 immediately if you or someone else has heart attack symptoms. Do not drive yourself to the hospital.

While waiting for emergency services:

1. Chew one regular aspirin (325mg) or four low-dose aspirin (81mg) if not allergic and not contraindicated
2. Loosen tight clothing
3. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, begin CPR

Do not wait to see if symptoms go away. Time is muscle — the faster treatment begins, the less heart damage occurs.

Risk Factors to Discuss With Your Doctor

• High blood pressure or cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Family history of heart disease
• Sedentary lifestyle