How to Respond to an Allergic Reaction and Anaphylaxis

Allergic reactions range from mild (hives, sneezing) to life-threatening (anaphylaxis — a severe, systemic reaction that can cause death within minutes). Approximately 1.6–5.1% of Americans are at risk for anaphylaxis — from foods, medications, insect venom, or latex — and approximately 1,500 deaths from anaphylaxis occur annually in the United States. Recognizing the difference between a mild allergic reaction and anaphylaxis, and knowing that epinephrine is the only effective immediate treatment, is potentially life-saving knowledge.

The Spectrum Of Allergic Reactions

Mild To Moderate Allergic Reactions

Involve the skin and/or upper respiratory tract without systemic effects:

• Hives (urticaria): Raised, itchy, red wheals on the skin
• Angioedema: Localized swelling, typically around the eyes, lips, face, and hands
• Nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose
• Redness and itching of the eyes (allergic conjunctivitis)
• Localized contact dermatitis (rash at the site of exposure)
• Mild itching of the throat or mouth (oral allergy syndrome — typically from fresh fruits and vegetables in people with pollen allergy)